The float charge voltage carries an important significance for battery life. Charge voltages that are not applied correctly cause loss of capacity, accelerated corrosion in the network, excessive gas release, and eventually a reduction in battery life. Battery voltage monitoring allows for the detection of short circuits, discharge performance, and fatal failures in the UPS battery backup systems in advance.

The most important advantage of measuring the temperature of each battery is identifying thermal runaway before it occurs, and then taking the necessary intervention methods. Moreover, data about environmental problems as a result of a weak HVAC system, weak connections, and excessive ripple voltages can also be indirectly collected.

Internal resistance is a growing factor that increases as the battery ages. Due to the rise in internal resistance, the battery becomes unable to deliver the desired current. Thus, the service life of the batteries can be determined exactly by monitoring the internal resistance value. Internal resistance measurements also enable the system to detect weak connections and open circuit batteries before a fault occurs. In some cases, battery failures take place in as little as a week. For this reason, daily internal resistance measurements allow you to detect faulty batteries before a problem occurs without the need for a discharge test.

By monitoring the current flow in each string, the energy transfer to and from each battery string is measured, enabling early detection of incorrect charging techniques and ground faults. This parameter is essential to maintaining the integrity and reliability of the backup power system.

The string voltage is continuously monitored to ensure that the charging system remains active and functions correctly. This helps verify that the charging process is both consistent and adequate to sustain battery health.

A charge/discharge cycle refers to the full process of a battery charging up to its maximum capacity and then discharging until it reaches its minimum usable level. Each cycle can slightly degrade the battery’s capacity due to the chemical reactions within, which accumulate over time. Monitoring the charge/discharge cycles provides valuable data on battery usage patterns and helps predict the remaining lifespan. Additionally, this parameter reveals if a battery is over-cycled, which can prematurely wear it down, or underutilized, which can affect efficiency. Accurate tracking of charge/discharge cycles allows for the timely scheduling of maintenance or replacements, helping to optimize battery performance and avoid unexpected failures.

Maintaining a stable ambient temperature within the range of 20-25 °C is recommended for battery health. Variations outside of this range can greatly impact the rate of corrosion and shorten the battery’s life span. A mere 8-10 °C increase in ambient temperature can reduce the battery’s life expectancy by 40-50%, emphasizing the need for precise temperature control.

Ambient humidity, or the level of moisture in the surrounding air, is a critical environmental factor that can impact the health and performance of battery systems. In a BMS context, tracking ambient humidity is essential because high humidity levels can accelerate the corrosion of battery terminals and internal components, reducing the lifespan and reliability of the system. Additionally, when humidity combines with high temperatures, it can lead to condensation within battery enclosures, further contributing to potential electrical issues and short circuits. Conversely, excessively low humidity levels can lead to static electricity buildup, which may also pose risks to battery and monitoring equipment. Monitoring ambient humidity is therefore key to maintaining optimal environmental conditions for battery performance and longevity.